Networks & infrastructure
How the Internet works: DNS, CDNs, firewalls, VPNs, Wi-Fi, servers and cloud.
Advanced Home Router Setup: The Settings That Make a Difference
Modem vs router, bridge mode, double NAT, DNS, DHCP, UPnP, QoS and SQM against bufferbloat: how to configure a home router in a tidy, robust way.
Cloud vs On-Premise: How to Decide Where Your Services Should Run
Public cloud, on-site servers or a hybrid setup: real costs, shared responsibility, vendor lock-in, connectivity and data location. Concrete criteria.
DNS Records Explained: A, AAAA, CNAME, MX, TXT, NS and CAA
A guide to the most common DNS records: what A, AAAA, CNAME, MX, TXT, NS, SOA, SRV and CAA do, with zone examples and frequent configuration mistakes.
How Email Travels: MX Records, SMTP and Mail Infrastructure
An email's journey from client to recipient: SMTP, MX records and priorities, reverse DNS, ports 25, 587 and 993, relays, and what to check if mail fails.
Firewalls: Types, How They Work and How to Write Good Rules
Network and host firewalls, stateless and stateful, next-generation and WAF: how they work, how to write well-ordered rules and which mistakes to avoid.
FTTH, FTTC, Fixed Wireless and Satellite: Access Technologies Compared
How fibre to the home, fibre to the cabinet, fixed wireless and satellite work: real speeds, latency, stability and what to ask before you choose.
Home Server: Hardware, Useful Services and How to Run It Well
How to build a home server: choosing hardware, power draw, operating system, containers and virtualisation, useful services, updates and backups.
DHCP: How Devices Get an IP Address and How to Manage It
DHCP explained: the four DORA steps, leases and renewals, reservations, options, relays between VLANs, rogue DHCP servers and fixing common issues.
How DNS Works: Resolution, Caching and TTL Explained
DNS step by step: recursive resolvers, root, TLD and authoritative servers, caching and TTL. Why changes take time to show and how to diagnose errors.
DNSSEC: How It Works and How to Enable It on Your Domain
DNSSEC without the maths: chain of trust, DS and DNSKEY records, enabling it at the registrar, the risks of changing provider and the checks to run.
How the Internet Works: A Packet's Journey from PC to Server
What really happens when you open a website: local network, router, ISP, autonomous systems, BGP and IP packets explained clearly, one step at a time.
NAS: How to Choose, Configure and Use One Without Losing Data
A practical NAS guide: number of drives, RAID and why it is not a backup, file systems with snapshots, SMB shares, secure remote access and maintenance.
VPNs: How They Really Work and When You Need One (or Not)
Remote access, site-to-site and commercial VPNs: tunnels, WireGuard, IPsec and OpenVPN, split tunnelling, kill switches and real limits. What they protect.
IPv6: What Changes Compared to IPv4 and How to Prepare
IPv6 in practice: address format, prefixes, SLAAC, the end of NAT, firewalls and dual stack. What to check on routers, servers and everyday devices.
Latency, Bandwidth and Jitter: Why Speed Alone Is Not Enough
Bandwidth, latency, jitter and packet loss explained: how to read a speed test, what matters for calls and gaming, and how to improve your network.
Network Cabling: Cable Categories, Switches and PoE Done Right
How to choose Cat5e, Cat6 and Cat6a Ethernet cable, managed or unmanaged switches and PoE power for access points and cameras, with the mistakes to avoid.
Network and Service Monitoring: What to Measure and How to Alert
How to monitor networks, servers and websites: availability checks, metrics, logs, SNMP, certificate expiry and useful alerts that avoid pure noise.
Network Troubleshooting: Ping, Traceroute and a Methodical Approach
A layer-by-layer method for fixing network problems: ipconfig, ping, traceroute, mtr, nslookup and port tests, with examples and how to read the results.
Public and Private IP Addresses: What NAT and CGNAT Are
The difference between public and private IP addresses, how NAT and CGNAT work, why some services cannot be reached from outside and how to check it.
UPS for Routers, NAS and Servers: How to Choose One
UPS types (standby, line-interactive, online), VA versus watts, waveform, runtime, automatic shutdown of NAS units and servers, and battery maintenance.
VLANs and Separate Networks: Segmenting a Home or Office LAN
What VLANs are, how 802.1Q tags, trunk and access ports work, and how to split a network into guest, IoT and work segments with rules between them.
Reverse Proxy: What It Is, What It Does, How to Set It Up
What a reverse proxy is and how it differs from a normal proxy: TLS termination, routing by domain, load balancing, forwarded headers and good practice.
What Is a CDN, How It Works and When It Is Worth Using
Content Delivery Networks explained: edge nodes, caching, Cache-Control headers, anycast and attack protection. When a CDN genuinely helps a website.
Mesh Wi-Fi Networks: How They Work, When You Need One, Placement
Mesh systems, repeaters and wired access points compared: radio or wired backhaul, roaming, node placement and the mistakes that slow your network down.
Wi-Fi 6, 6E and Wi-Fi 7: Real Differences and When to Upgrade
Wi-Fi 6, 6E and 7 compared: bands, channel width, OFDMA, MLO, device compatibility and concrete advice before replacing your router or access points.